Luyện nghe bản tin tiếng Anh y khoa VOA 115

luyện nghe tiếng anh y khoa 115
luyện nghe tiếng anh y khoa 115

In December, researchers in the United States reported curing nine adults with sickle cell disease. Ten patients in all were treated in a study with donated bone marrow. The healthy marrow causes new blood cells to form. Sickle cell disease, also called sickle cell anemia, is a genetic condition that deforms red blood cells.

They become sticky and harden into the shape of the letter C, like a sickle, a hand tool with a curved blade. The deformed cells block blood vessels and cut off the flow of oxygen to tissue in the body. People with sickle cell disease can suffer severe pain, bacterial infections and the death of tissue. In other studies, bone marrow transplants cured severe sickle cell disease in almost two hundred children.

Doctors first used chemicals to destroy the children’s own marrow, then replaced it with healthy marrow. However, doctors have considered this treatment too risky for adults with the disease. Their major organs are already too damaged to have all their bone marrow destroyed. So for the ten patients in the study, doctors used a low amount of radiation to destroy only some of their marrow. Then the patients received healthy marrow.

There was enough space in the bone for the healthy marrow to start producing new red blood cells. The researchers say all ten patients remain alive two and a half years after the treatment. The disease has disappeared in nine of them. Marrow is a soft, spongy tissue inside bones. Doctors can collect it with a needle. But people who donate marrow must first have tests to make sure they are a good match for the patient. The New England Journal of Medicine published the study. John Tisdale at the National Institutes of Health was the lead investigator. He says other uses for the treatment are also likely to be found. Black people in Africa are the huge majority of those with sickle cell disease. About two hundred thousand cases are found in African children every year. About eighty thousand people in the United States have the disease. A study published in September in the Lancet said antibacterial vaccines could save the lives of children with sickle cell in Africa. The study pointed out that many children die before they are even identified as having the disease. They die from bacterial infections for which there are new vaccines. But these vaccines are costly and available mainly in wealthy countries. And that’s the VOA Special English Health Report. For more health news, go to voaspecialenglish.com.

Words in This Story

sickle  – n. a tool with a short handle and a curved blade, used for cutting grass and grain cropsdonate

donate  – v. to give money or goods to help a person or organization

marrow  – n. soft tissue containing a lot of fat in the centre of a bone

anaemia  –  n. (US anemia) a medical condition in which there are not enough red blood cells in the blood

genetic  – adj. belonging or relating to genes (= parts of the DNA in cells) received by each animal or plant from its parents

deform  – v. to spoil the usual and true shape of something

blade  – n. the flat part on a knife or similar tool or weapon, with a very thin edge used for cutting

transplant  – v. to move something, or to be moved, from one place or person to another

risky  – adj. involving the possibility of something bad happening

spongy  – adj. soft and able to absorb or having already absorbed a lot of liquid, like a sponge

majority  – n. the larger number or part of something

institute  – n. an organization where people do a particular type of scientific, educational, or social work, or the buildings that it uses

antibacterial  – adj. intended to kill or reduce the harmful effects of bacteria especially when used on the skin

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