Freezing weather can mean frostbite and hypothermia unless a person is prepared. Today we talk about how to stay warm, dry and safe. Frostbite is damage that happens when skin is exposed to extreme cold for too long. It mainly happens on the hands, feet, nose and ears.
People with minor cases of frostbite that affect only the skin may not suffer any permanent damage. But if deeper tissue is affected, a person is likely to feel pain every time the area gets cold. If blood vessels are damaged, people can suffer an infection of gangrene. Sometimes, doctors have to remove frostbitten areas like fingers and toes. Hypothermia happens when the body cannot produce as much heat as it releases.
The condition comes on slowly. Signs of hypothermia include uncontrollable shaking, very slow breathing and difficulty thinking clearly. If not treated, hypothermia can be deadly. To avoid cold-related injuries, here is a simple way to remember four basic steps to staying warm. Think of COLD — C.O.L.D. The C stands for cover. Wear a hat and scarf to keep heat from escaping through the head, neck and ears. And wear mittens instead of gloves. In gloves, the fingers are separated, so the hands may not stay as warm.
The O stands for over exertion. Avoid activities that will make you sweaty. Wet clothes and cold weather are a bad mix. L is for layers. Wearing loose, lightweight clothes, one layer on top of another, is better than wearing a single heavy layer of clothing. Also, make sure outerwear is made of material that is water resistant and tightly knit. Can you guess what the D in COLD stands for? D is for dry. In other words, stay as dry as possible. Pay attention to the places where snow can enter, like the tops of boots, the necks of coats and the wrist areas of mittens. And here are two other things to keep in mind, one for children and the other for adults. Eating snow might be fun but it lowers the body’s temperature. And drinking alcohol might make a person feel warm. But what it really does is weaken the body’s ability to hold heat. Next week: advice from experts about what to do, and not to do, to help someone injured by extreme cold. And that’s the VOA Special English Health Report. For more health news, along with transcripts and MP3s of our reports, go to voaspecialenglish.com.
Words in This Story
frostbite – n. injury to someone caused by severe cold, usually to their toes, fingers, ears, or nose, that causes permanent loss of tissue
exposed – adj. having no protection from bad weather
extreme – adj. very large in amount or degree
minor – adj. having little importance, influence, or effect, especially when compared with other things of the same type
gangrene – n. the decay of a part of a person’s body because the blood has stopped flowing there
scarf – n. a strip, square, or triangle of cloth, worn around the neck, head, or shoulders to keep you warm or to make you look attractive
exertion – n. the use of a lot of mental or physical effort
lightweight – adj. weighing only a little or less than average
knit – v. to make clothes, etc. by using two long needles to connect wool or another type of thread into joined rows
mitten – n. a type of glove with a single part for all the fingers and a separate part for the thumb
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