A concussion happens when the brain is shaken, often in a car crash or a fall or a strike to the head in sports. Concussions can be mild, but doctors may order a CT scan to look for a more serious injury. Computed tomography provides a detailed image of the brain. But a recent study warned that more children than necessary are being exposed to radiation this way.
A national team led by two doctors at the University of California, Davis, studied hospital records from thousands of children with head injuries. They found that in many cases, the risk of developing cancer from the radiation outweighed the risk of a serious brain injury. The study found that one in five children over age two had a low risk of serious injury but received CT scans anyway. The same was true of almost one in four children under two years of age. The researchers have developed rules to predict if a head injury is serious enough for a scan. For children under two, doctors are advised against it if there is normal mental activity.
No swelling in the back of the head. No feeling of a broken bone in the skull. And no loss of consciousness for more than five seconds. Doctors should also consider how the child was injured and whether the parents say the child is acting normally. For patients from two to eighteen, the guidelines are similar except there should be no loss of consciousness, no vomiting and no severe headache. The report appears in the Lancet medical journal. Earlier this year, the British Journal of Sports Medicine published new guidelines for concussions in children and teens. International experts said they should not return to sports or school until fully recovered.
The brain also needs a “cognitive rest,” they say, by restricting activities like video games, texting and watching TV. Young people often take longer than adults to recover from a concussion. The experts say individual progress and not a set time period should always guide a decision to return to play. More than one million cases of concussion are reported each year in the United States alone.
A congressional committee held a hearing in October to discuss legal issues related to head injuries in football. Recently there have been concerns about players retired from the National Football League. But professionals are not the only ones getting concussions. There are high school players who have died from brain injuries.
Words in This Story
concussion – n. temporary damage to the brain caused by a fall or hit on the head or by violent shaking
strike – n. a sudden and powerful hit or attack
compute – v. to calculate an answer or amount by using a machine
tomography – n. the use of X-rays to make three-dimensional images of flat sections of the body
exposed – adj. having no protection from bad weather
radiation – n. a form of energy that comes from a nuclear reaction and that can be very dangerous to health
swelling – n. a part of your body that has become bigger because of illness or injury
consciousness – n. the state of understanding and realizing something
cognitive – adj. connected with thinking or conscious mental processes
restrict – v. to limit the movements or actions of someone, or to limit something and reduce its size or prevent it from increasing
congressional – adj. belonging or related to the US Congress
committee – n. a small group of people chosen to represent a larger organization and either make decisions or collect information for it
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