Rice is an important part of many people’s diets. Researchers from the Harvard School of Public Health in Massachusetts have released a report about rice. It shows that eating white rice increases the risk of Type Two diabetes. However, eating brown rice reduces the risk of the disease.
The World Health Organization says more than two hundred twenty million people worldwide have diabetes. Type Two diabetes results when the body cannot effectively use the sugar it produces. More than thirty-nine thousand men and one hundred fifty-seven thousand women took part in the study. They were asked about their diet and day-to-day activities, as well as any pre-existing diseases. The study found that the people who ate five or more servings of white rice per week had a seventeen percent increased risk of developing Type Two diabetes.
But those who ate two or more servings of brown rice a week had an eleven percent reduced risk of getting the disease. Brown rice is the grain in its natural form. White rice results after it has been refined. This involves removing the outer cover, including the husk, bran and germ. Only the inner white kernel is left. White rice is often enriched to replace some nutrients lost during the refining process.
Qi Sun is the lead writer of the report. He says the outer parts of brown rice slow down the work of the body’s digestive enzymes on the starch in the rice. This means that the release of sugar into the bloodstream is slower after eating brown rice compared to white rice.A diet of foods that quickly release sugar into the bloodstream has been linked with a greater risk of Type Two diabetes. The exact reason for this is not known.
Doctor Sun says less refined grains have more nutritional value than refined grains. He says replacing white rice with whole grains like whole wheat or barley could result in a thirty-six percent lower chance of developing Type Two diabetes. He says people should replace white rice and other refined carbohydrates with whole grains whenever possible. However, brown rice does not last as long as white rice because of the oil-rich layer of bran. This makes it less usable in poor communities. The International Rice Research Institute is working to develop kinds of white rice whose starch is released more slowly.
Words in This Story
day-to-day – adj. happening every day as a regular part of your job or life
pre-existing – adj. existing before something else
grain – n. a seed or seeds from a plant, especially a plant like a grass such as rice or wheat
refined – adj. a refined substance has been made pure by removing other substances from it
husk – n. the dry outer covering of some seeds
bran – n. the outer covering of grain that is separated when making white flour. Bran is added to other foods because it contains a lot of the fibre needed for a healthy body
germ – n. a very small organism that causes disease
kernel – n. the part of a nut that is inside the shell and can be eaten
starch – n. a white substance that exists in large amounts in potatoes and particular grains such as rice
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