Doctors currently identify autism disorders by observing behavior. Autism affects social and communication skills. It usually first appears in young children. Now, researchers in the United States think they have found a biological test for autism. A team from Harvard University in Massachusetts and the University of Utah developed it.
The test uses an MRI or magnetic resonance imaging machine to look for abnormalities in the brain. Other studies have not shown major structural differences between the brains of autistic people and those without autism. But the latest study did not look at the large structures of the brain. Instead, Harvard’s Nicholas Lange says the team looked at the circuitry — the chemical and electrical pathways that link the different parts of the brain. He says: “The brain may be OK, the parts that do the work may be OK. But the wiring, the cables between the points in the brain, one to another, may be disrupted in some way.”The scientists did MRI scans on sixty males between the ages of eight and twenty-six. Thirty of them had been identified as having mild autism, a form also known as high-functioning autism.
The researchers looked at the connections in two areas of the brain that control language and social behavior. They used a technique called diffusion tensor imaging. This way they could observe microscopic fibers to see how well the brain circuitry was organized. Nicholas Lange says the pictures showed a clear difference between the people with autism and those without. He compared it to spaghetti. He says uncooked spaghetti is well organized and straight. But cooked spaghetti is tangled. And that’s the way the wiring can be. It can be either very tangled or it can be very organized.The researchers say the tests were able to predict with ninety-four percent accuracy which of the people had been found to have autism. The researchers repeated their study with new participants and got equally strong results.
But Dr.Lange says the test is not ready yet for general use. The study was small and only involved males. It also used older children and adults. Dr. Lange says that, in time, the test might be able to identify autism in children under three. Three is currently the youngest age at which most doctors will diagnose an autism disorder. But most parents begin to suspect a problem by the age of two. For VOA Special English, I’m Alex Villarreal.
Words in This Story
autism – n. a condition that starts in young children and causes behavior that is unusually centered on the self while limiting development of social and communication skills
disorder – n. a state of untidiness or lack of organization
biological – adj. connected with the natural processes of living things
magnetic – adj. with the power of a magnet
resonance – n. the quality of being loud and clear
circuitry – n. the circuits that an electrical or electronic device contains, considered as a single system
disrupt – v. to prevent something, especially a system, process, or event, from continuing as usual or as expected
spaghetti – n. pasta made in the form of long, thin strings
tangled – adj. twisted into an untidy mass
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